r.futures.pga - GRASS manual

NAME

r.futures.pga - Wrapper for r.futures.simulation to ensure backwards compatibility.
Simulates landuse change using FUTure Urban-Regional Environment Simulation (FUTURES).

KEYWORDS

raster, patch growing, urban, landscape, modeling

SYNOPSIS

r.futures.pga

r.futures.pga --help

r.futures.pga [-s] developed=name subregions=name [subregions_potential=name] predictors=name[,name,...] development_pressure=name n_dev_neighbourhood=integer development_pressure_approach=string gamma=float scaling_factor=float output=name [output_series=basename] devpot_params=name demand=name [separator=character] patch_sizes=name num_neighbors=integer discount_factor=float seed_search=string compactness_mean=float compactness_range=float [num_steps=integer] [potential_weight=name] [incentive_power=float] [random_seed=integer] [memory=float] [--overwrite] [--help] [--verbose] [--quiet] [--ui]

Flags:

-s: Generate random seed (result is non-deterministic); Automatically generates random seed for random number generator (use when you don't want to provide the seed option)
--overwrite: Allow output files to overwrite existing files
--help: Print usage summary
--verbose: Verbose module output
--quiet: Quiet module output
--ui: Force launching GUI dialog

Parameters:

developed=name [required]: Raster map of developed areas (=1), undeveloped (=0) and excluded (no data)
subregions=name [required]: Raster map of subregions
subregions_potential=name: Raster map of subregions used with potential file; If not specified, the raster specified in subregions parameter is used
predictors=name[,name,...] [required]: Names of predictor variable raster maps; Listed in the same order as in the development potential table
development_pressure=name [required]: Raster map of development pressure
n_dev_neighbourhood=integer [required]: Size of square used to recalculate development pressure
development_pressure_approach=string [required]: Approaches to derive development pressure; Options: occurrence, gravity, kernel; Default: gravity
gamma=float [required]: Influence of distance between neighboring cells
scaling_factor=float [required]: Scaling factor of development pressure
output=name [required]: State of the development at the end of simulation
output_series=basename: Basename for raster maps of development generated after each step; Name for output basename raster map(s)
devpot_params=name [required]: CSV file with development potential parameters for each region; Each line should contain region ID followed by parameters (intercepts, development pressure, other predictors). First line is ignored, so it can be used for header
demand=name [required]: CSV file with number of cells to convert for each step and subregion
separator=character: Field separator; Separator used in input CSV files; Default: comma
patch_sizes=name [required]: File containing list of patch sizes to use
num_neighbors=integer [required]: The number of neighbors to be used for patch generation (4 or 8); Options: 4, 8; Default: 4
discount_factor=float [required]: Discount factor of patch size
seed_search=string [required]: The way location of a seed is determined (1: uniform distribution 2: development probability); Options: random, probability; Default: probability
compactness_mean=float [required]: Mean value of patch compactness to control patch shapes
compactness_range=float [required]: Range of patch compactness to control patch shapes
num_steps=integer: Number of steps to be simulated
potential_weight=name: Raster map of weights altering development potential; Values need to be between -1 and 1, where negative locally reducesprobability and positive increases probability.
incentive_power=float: Exponent to transform probability values p to p^x to simulate infill vs. sprawl; Values > 1 encourage infill, < 1 urban sprawl; Options: 0-10; Default: 1
random_seed=integer: Seed for random number generator; The same seed can be used to obtain same results or random seed can be generated by other means.
memory=float: Memory in GB

DESCRIPTION
REFERENCES
SEE ALSO
AUTHORS

DESCRIPTION

Module r.futures.pga was renamed to r.futures.simulation. This module is only a wrapper for r.futures.simulation to keep backwards compatibility.

REFERENCES

Meentemeyer, R. K., Tang, W., Dorning, M. A., Vogler, J. B., Cunniffe, N. J., & Shoemaker, D. A. (2013). FUTURES: Multilevel Simulations of Emerging Urban-Rural Landscape Structure Using a Stochastic Patch-Growing Algorithm. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 103(4), 785-807. DOI: 10.1080/00045608.2012.707591
Dorning, M. A., Koch, J., Shoemaker, D. A., & Meentemeyer, R. K. (2015). Simulating urbanization scenarios reveals tradeoffs between conservation planning strategies. Landscape and Urban Planning, 136, 28-39. DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2014.11.011
Petrasova, A., Petras, V., Van Berkel, D., Harmon, B. A., Mitasova, H., & Meentemeyer, R. K. (2016). Open Source Approach to Urban Growth Simulation. Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLI-B7, 953-959. DOI: 10.5194/isprsarchives-XLI-B7-953-2016
Sanchez, G.M., A. Petrasova, A., M.M. Skrip, E.L. Collins, M.A. Lawrimore, J.B. Vogler, A. Terando, J. Vukomanovic, H. Mitasova, and R.K. Meentemeyer (2023). Spatially interactive modeling of land change identifies location-specific adaptations most likely to lower future flood risk. Sci Rep 13, 18869. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46195-9

AUTHORS

Corresponding author:
Anna Petrasova, akratoc ncsu edu, Center for Geospatial Analytics, NCSU

Original standalone version:
Ross K. Meentemeyer,
Wenwu Tang,
Monica A. Dorning,
John B. Vogler,
Nik J. Cunniffe,
Douglas A. Shoemaker
(Department of Geography and Earth Sciences, UNC Charlotte)
Jennifer A. Koch (Center for Geospatial Analytics, NCSU)

Port to GRASS and GRASS-specific additions:
Vaclav Petras, NCSU GeoForAll

Development pressure, demand, calibration, validation, preprocessing tools and maintenance:
Anna Petrasova, NCSU GeoForAll

Climate forcing submodel:
Anna Petrasova, NCSU GeoForAll
Georgina Sanchez, Center for Geospatial Analytics, NCSU

Zoning:
Margaret Lawrimore, Center for Geospatial Analytics, NCSU
Anna Petrasova, NCSU GeoForAll

SOURCE CODE

Available at: r.futures.pga source code (history)

Accessed: Monday Jul 27 12:29:18 2026