v.in.gadm downloads the GADM 4.1
global administrative boundaries GeoPackage archive, extracts it, and
imports one of its layers into the current GRASS project/mapset using
v.import.
By default the archive is downloaded from
https://geodata.ucdavis.edu/gadm/gadm4.1/gadm_410-gpkg.zip
into directory (default $HOME/GISDATA). If a matching
archive already exists in that directory it is reused; use the
-f flag to force a fresh download and extraction.
The default archive contains a single layer (gadm_410) holding
all 356,508 administrative boundary features worldwide, at their finest
available level, with one attribute column per administrative level
(GID_0/NAME_0 for the country, GID_1/NAME_1
for the first subdivision, and so on up to level 5). When the GeoPackage
contains only one layer it is selected automatically; the layer
option only needs to be set for GeoPackages that hold several layers
(e.g. per-country GADM downloads). Use the -l flag to list the
layer names available in the downloaded GeoPackage without importing
anything.
Since all administrative levels are already columns of a single flat
layer, splitting out a given level (e.g. country boundaries only) is a
matter of running v.extract or
v.dissolve on the imported map using the
corresponding GID_/NAME_ column, rather than of
choosing a different layer name.